Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus

Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower’s facade

Raqqa, enclosure wall and arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)

Raqqa, enclosure wall and arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)

Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu

Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s west-south corner

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - one of the wall tower

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – one of the wall tower

Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Excavations

Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Excavations

Great Umayyad mosque and Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Aleppo: drone photograph

1512_D.SH_2314428_Madinat-Halab-al-Qadima-05_s

Rubble stone with carved Arabic inscription

Rubble stone with carved Arabic inscription in Aleppo

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

A side of al-Mudiq castle

A side of al-Mudiq castle

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Upholstery in al-Haywatiyya Quarter, Damascus

Upholstery in al-Haywatiyya Quarter, Damascus

Suq al-Hamidiyya

Suq al-Hamidiyya

Example of measurement section plan D-D (of al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya), as CAD drawing, using total station survey

Measurement section plan drawing

Damage pattern, water infiltration, on render on brick masonry, Old city center, Warsaw, Poland

Fig. 26, Catalogue of Damage

Example of measurement ground plan (of al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya), as CAD drawing, using total station survey

Measurement ground-plan drawing

Numbering sequence example based on the Plan of al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya

Measurement plan with arrows for numbering sequence

1 Issam Hajjar ih-Damascus

1 Issam Hajjar ih-Damascus

Orchards in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains

Orchards in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains

Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Courtyard with dome houses in Shaykh Hilal

Courtyard with dome houses in Shaykh Hilal

Remains of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Remains of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Aliya Alnuami is finalising her ‘Ajami work

Aliya Alnuami is finalising her ‘Ajami work

Jazz Caravan Festival 1996 in Damascus

Jazz Caravan Festival 1996 in Damascus

Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)

Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)

Busra, The East Gate "Nabataean Gate"

Busra, The East Gate “Nabataean Gate”

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel